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Title:	On the formation and persistence of superfog in woodland smoke
Author(s):	Achtemeier, Gary L.
Date:	2009
Source:	Meteorological applications, Vol. 16: 215-225
Station ID:	--16
Description:	Dense fogs. comparable to historical fogs in England, have been implicated in numerous roadway accidents in the southern United States. Many of the fogs have occurred in association with prescribed burning. Direct measurements of superfog (fog reducing visibility to less than 3 rn) were taken during burning of forest litter on 22 March 2003. Visibility was measured at 0.1 m implying an extinction coefflcient of 39 120 km-1. The number of condensation nuclei required for fog to produce the ohserved visibility was aboult 1 % of the number of panicles released in wood smoke as reponed in the literature. A recursive non-gradient mixing model shows (1) maximum excess liquid water (LWC) released was approximately 7.0 g kg-I, 23 times the LWC in natural fog, (2) superfog can form at the site of combustion then continue to form as it drifts downwind, and (3) superfog can modify air mass stability near the ground and persist for hours until dispersed by changing wind conditions or by solar heating after sunrise.
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