Fraser fir stand structure in the Black Mountains of North Carolina
This article is part of a larger document. View the larger document here.Abstract
Over the past several decades, naturally occurring populations of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh.] Poir) have experienced devastating mortality rates due to attack by the exotic insect, balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) (Adelges piceae Ratz.). The decline in Fraser fir is particularly concerning because its natural geographic distribution is limited to seven disjunct mountaintop regions in the Southern Appalachians.

