Changes in non-pine woody species density, composition, and diversity following herbicide and fertilization application to mid-rotation loblolly pine stands
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We monitored woody vegetation (dbh>1.0 in) response for up to six years following a herbicide (16 ounces imazapyr /acre), a fertilizer (365 pounds urea and 175 pounds diammonium phosphate/acre ) and a combined fertilizer and herbicide application in four mid-rotation loblolly pine stands located within the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain in Arkansas. Approximately 60-80% of the original non-pine woody vegetation died within three years following herbicide application. Non-pine mortality was greater on plots that received both an herbicide and a fertilizer application than only the herbicide application. Significant recruitment of additional woody vegetation occurred following all treatment applications, but herbicide reduced this recruitment for up to six years. Woody vegetation species richness and diversity was reduced by the herbicide application but was not altered by fertilization.