Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Oak Decline

Informally Refereed

Abstract

Occurrence of decline and mortality in this nation's hardwood forests has been documented in reports for the past 130 years. From 1856 through 1981, more than 26 decline events were reported from eight eastern states affecting almost all species of oaks. Fourteen factors have been implicated as either primary or secondary agents responsible for decline and mortality.

Citation

Ammon, Vernon; Nebeker, T. Evan; Filer, Ted H. [and others]. 1989. Oak Decline. Technical Bulletin 161. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. 19 p.
https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/43169