Survival and growth of restored Piedmont riparian forests as affected by site preparation, planting stock, and planting aids
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Forest mitigation sites may have poor survival and growth of planted trees due to poor drainage, compacted soils, and lack of microtopography. The effects of five replications of five forestry mechanical site preparation techniques (Flat, Rip, Bed, Pit, and Mound), four regeneration sources (Direct seed, Bare root, Tubelings, and Gallon), and three planting aids (None, Mat, Tubes) on American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and willow oak (Quercus phellos L.) were examined for 2 years following establishment in order to evaluate the treatment potential for enhancing survival and growth. After 2 years, Mounding and Gallon seedlings were found to be the most beneficial treatments for American sycamore survival and growth. Bedding also proved beneficial. For willow oak, Mound and Bed were also beneficial, particularly with Bare root seedlings Gallons. The positive responses of the species to mounding and bedding were due to treatment effects on elevation on poorly drained sites, reduction of competition, and reduction of compaction.