Impact of the introduced predator, Laricobius nigrinus, on ovisacs of the overwintering generation of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

Carrie S Jubb; Ariel R Heminger; Albert (Bud) Mayfield; Joseph S Elkinton; Gregory J Wiggins; Jerome F Grant; Jeffery A Lombardo; Thomas J McAvoy; Ryan S Crandall; Scott M Salom

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104180

Impact of the introduced predator, Laricobius nigrinus, on ovisacs of the overwintering generation of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

Formally Refereed

Authors:

Carrie S Jubb, Ariel R Heminger, Albert (Bud) Mayfield, Joseph S Elkinton, Gregory J Wiggins, Jerome F Grant, Jeffery A Lombardo, Thomas J McAvoy, Ryan S Crandall, Scott M Salom

Year:

2020

Type:

Scientific Journal

Station:

Southern Research Station

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104180

Source:

Biological Control

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Abstract

Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive pest causing signiﬁcant mortality to eastern and Carolina hemlock in eastern North America. Since 2003, management of HWA has included targeted release of the HWA predator Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), native to western North America. Establishment of L. nigrinus at release sites is well documented, but investigations of its impact on HWA populations have been limited. A four-year (2014–2018), two-phase study using predator exclusion cages to assess the impactof L. nigrinus on HWA was conducted at nine previous release sites in the eastern United States. Signiﬁcantly more HWA sistens ovisacs were disturbed on no-cage and opencage branches than on cagedbranches wherepredators wereexcluded. Mean disturbancelevels on cage,no-cage and open-cage branches was 8, 38, and 27 percent, respectively. Seven of nine sites had a mean HWA ovisac disturbance greater than 50% for at least one year. Winter temperatures were also a signiﬁcant factor in overall mortality of the sistens generation with a mean of 46% on study branches. Six of nine sites had a mean overall mortality (winter mortality and predation) greater than 80% for at least one year. Larvae of Laricobius spp. were recovered at all sites during this study. Sequencing of the COI gene from recoveries in Phase One (2015 and 2016) indicated that 88% were L. nigrinus and 12% were L. rubidus LeConte. Microsatellite analysis performed during Phase Two (2017 and 2018) indicated that approximately 97% of larval recoveries were L. nigrinus, 2% were hybridsofL.nigrinus andL.rubidus,and 1%wereL.rubidus.Results ofthisstudy suggestthatL.nigrinus can signiﬁcantly impact the HWA sistens generation ovisacs and continued investment in the use of this species as a biological control is recommended.

Keywords

Biological control, Adelges tsugae, Laricobius nigrinus, Predator, Impact, Tsuga canadensis

Citation

Jubb, C.S., Heminger, A.R., Mayfield III, A.E., Elkinton, J.S., Wiggins, G.J., Grant, J.F., Lombardo, J.A., McAvoy, T.J., Crandall, R.S. and Salom, S.M.,. 2020. Impact of the introduced predator, Laricobius nigrinus, on ovisacs of the overwintering generation of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States. Biological Control 143: 104180