Frogs and toads that breed in ephemeral wetlands are especially vulnerable to climate change; if wetlands dry out before tadpoles metamorphose into juveniles with lungs, they die. Changing rainfall patterns could affect hydroregimes: when, and for how long water remains in wetlands.  We used 22 years of continuous amphibian trapping data at eight ephemeral wetlands to test how weather and hydroregime affects juvenile recruitment by six frog and toad species with different reproductive strategies.  Air temperature had little effect.  For most species, reproductive success was highest when water remained in wetlands for the maximum time period required for metamorphosis. Continuous water fall through spring was important for species with prolonged breeding seasons, slow tadpole development, and spring metamorphosis, but not those whose tadpoles develop quickly and metamorphose continually. In summary, environmental factors interact with reproductive strategies to influence tadpole survival, with implications for amphibian populations and assemblages.  Maintaining multiple ephemeral wetlands that fill and dry at different times increases the odds of successful juvenile recruitment by diverse amphibian species with differing hydroregime requirements.