Southern
Research Station

Education

Ph.D. in Forestry, 1994

Mississippi State University

M.S. in Wildlife Management, 1988

Louisiana State University

B.S. in Forestry/Wildlife option, 1986

Louisiana State University

Featured Publications and Products

• Sinz, Alexander; Gardiner, Emmile S.; Lockhart, Brian R.; Souter, Ray A. 2011. Morphological acclimation and growth of ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) advance regeneration following overstory harvesting in a Mississippi River floodplain forest.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Hamel, Paul B.; Connor, Kristina F.; Devall, Margaret S.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, A. Dan. 2013. Lindera melissifolia responses to flood durations and light regimes suggest strategies for recovery and conservation.
• Jensen, Anna M.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Vaughn, Kevin C. 2012. High-light acclimation in Quercus robur L.seedlings upon over-topped a shaded environment.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Lof, Magnus; O'brien, Joseph J.; Stanturf, John A.; Madsen, Palle. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of fagus sylvatica and quercus robur established for stand conversion from picea abies.
• Gardiner, E.; Stanturf, J.; Leininger, T.; Hamel, P.; Dorris, L. Jr.; Portwood, J.; Shepard, J. 2008. Establishing a research and demonstration area initiated by managers: the Sharkey Restoration Research and Demonstration Site.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Oliver, James M. 2005. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests in Lower Mississippi Aluvial Valey, U.S.A.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Schweitzer, Callie J. 2004. An Afforestation System for Restoring Bottomland Hardwood Forests: Biomass Accumulation of Nuttall Oak Seedlings Interplanted Beneath Eastern Cottonwood.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Stanturf, John A. 2001. Photosynthesis of Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palm.) seedlings interplanted beneath an eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. Ex Marsh.) nurse crop.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Yeiser, Jimmie L. 1999. Establishment and Growth of Cherrybark Oak Seedlings Underplanted Beneath a Partial Overstory in a Minor Bottom of Southwestern Arkansas: First Year Results.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Krauss, Ken W. 2001. Photosynthetic light response of flooded cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) seedlings grown in two light regimes.

Publications

• Ouyang, Ying ; Leininger, Theodor D.; Renninger, Heidi ; Gardiner, Emile S.; Samuelson, Lisa . 2021. A model to assess eastern cottonwood water flow using adjusted vapor pressure deficit associated with a climate change imact application.
• Leininger, Theodor D.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Lockhart, Brian Roy; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, Alphus Dan; Devall, Margaret S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Connor, Kristina F. 2021. Intensity and mode of Lindera melissifolia reproduction are affected by flooding and light availability.
• Meadows, James S.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Ezell, Andrew W. 2021. Silvicultural options for young bottomland oak-dominated plantations on former agricultural lands.
• Petersson, Linda K.; Dey, Daniel C.; Felton, Annika M.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Löf, Magnus . 2020. Influence of canopy openness, ungulate exclosure, and low‐intensity fire for improved oak regeneration in temperate Europe.
• Petersson, Linda K.; Löf, Magnus ; Jensen, Anna M.; Chastain, Daryl R.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2020. Sprouts of shoot-clipped oak (Quercus alba and Q. robur) germinants show morphological and photosynthetic acclimation to contrasting light environments.
• Löf, Magnus ; Castro, Jorge ; Engman, Mattias ; Leverkus, Alexandro B.; Madsen, Palle ; Reque, Jose A.; Villalobos, Adrian ; Gardiner, Emile S. 2019. Tamm Review: Direct seeding to restore oak (Quercus spp.) forests and woodlands.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile ; Leininger, Theodor ; Hamel, Paul ; Wilson, A Dan; Devall, Margaret ; Schiff, Nathan ; Connor, Kristina F. 2018. Biomass accumulation in the endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia as affected by gradients of light availability and soil flooding.
• Gardiner, Emile ; Ghezehei, Solomon ; Headlee, William ; Richardson, Jim ; Soolanayakanahally, Raju ; Stanton, Brian ; Zalesny Jr., Ronald . 2018. The 2018 Woody Crops International Conference, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, 22–27 July 2018.
• Mc Carthy, Rebecka; Löf, Magnus; Gardiner, Emile S. 2017. Early root development of poplars ( Populus spp.) in relation to moist and saturated soil conditions.
• Lockhart, B. R.; Gardiner, E. S.; Leininger, T. D.; Devall, M. S.; Wilson, A. D.; Connor, K. F.; Hamel, P. B.; Schiff, N. M. 2017. Light availability and soil flooding regulate photosynthesis of an imperiled shrub in lowland forests of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA.
• Strickland, Michael S.; Callaham, Mac A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Leff, Jonathan W.; Fierer, Noah; Bradford, Mark A. 2017. Response of soil microbial community composition and function to a bottomland forest restoration intensity gradient.
• Zalesny Jr., Ronald S.; Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Perdue, James H.; Young, Timothy M.; Coyle, David R.; Headlee, William L.; Ba??uelos, Gary S.; Hass, Amir. 2016. Ecosystem services of woody crop production systems.
• Zalesny Jr., Ronald S.; Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Bañuelos, Gary S.; Hallett, Richard A.; Hass, Amir; Stange, Craig M.; Perdue, James H.; Young, Timothy M.; Coyle, David R.; Headlee, William L. 2016. Environmental technologies of woody crop production systems.
• Souter, Ray A.; Gardiner, Emile S; Leininger, Theodor D.; Mitchell, Dana; Rummer, Robert B. 2015. Eastern cottonwood and black willow biomass crop production in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley under four planting densities.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D. 2015. Initial response of pondberry released from heavy shade.
• Gardiner, Emile S. 2015. Outlook for Mississippi Alluvial Valley forests: a subregional report from the Southern Forest Futures Project.
• Brazas Bailey, Rochelle; Rousseau, Randall J.; Gardiner, Emile; Mack, Jason C. 2014. Black willow tree improvement: development of a biomass species for marginal agricultural land in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley.
• Isebrands, J.G.; Aronsson, P.; Carlson, M.; Ceulemans, R.; Coleman, M.; Dickinson, N.; Dimitriou, J.; Doty, S.; Gardiner, E.; Heinsoo, K.; Johnson, J.D.; Koo, Y.B.; Kort, J.; Kuzovkina, J.; Licht, L.; McCracken, A.R.; McIvor, I.; Mertens, P.; Perttu, K.; Riddell-Black, D.; Robins, B.; Scarascia-Mugnozza, G.; Schroeder, W.R.; Stanturf, John; Volk, T.A.; Weih, M. 2014. Environmental applications of poplars and willows.
• Connor, K.F.; Schaefer, G.M.; Donahoo, J.B.; Devall, M.S.; Gardiner, E.S.; Leininger, T.D.; Wilson, A.D.; Schiff, N.M.; Hamel, P.B.; Zarnoch, S.J. 2013. Lindera melissifolia seed bank study in a lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley bottomland forest.
• Rousseau, R.J.; Leininger, T.D.; Herrin, B.L.; Gardiner, E.S. 2013. Evaluating the potential of black willow as a viable biomass species for the LMAV.
• Lockhart, Brian R; Gardiner, Emile S; Stautz, Theran; Leininger, Theodor D. 2012. Development and plasticity of endangered shrub Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) seedlings under contrasting light regimes.
• Rousseau, Randell J.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D. 2012. Development of a black willow improvement program for biomass production in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley.
• Rousseau, Randall J.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D. 2012. Development of an applied black willow tree improvement program for biomass production in the south.
• Camp, Jake C.; Rousseau, Randall J.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2012. Longer black willow cuttings result in better initial height and diameter growth in biomass plantations.
• Jacobs, Douglass F.; Goodman, Rosa C.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Salifu, K Frances; Overton, Ronald P.; Hernandez, George. 2012. Nursery stock quality as an indicator of bottomland hardwood forest restoration success in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley.
• Dey, Daniel C.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Cardenas, Luis Mario. 2012. Sustaining Quercus humboltii and Colombobalanus excelsa on the Colombian landscape: preservation or conservation - a research perspective.
• Dey, Daniel C.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Cardenas, Luis Mario. 2012. Sustaining Quercus humboldtii and Colombobalanus excelsa on the Colombian landscape: preservation or conservation - a research perspective.
• Dey, Daniel C.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Kabrick, John M.; Jacobs, Douglass F. 2012. Underplanting to sustain future stocking of oak (Quercus) in temperate deciduous forests.
• Jensen, Anna M.; Lof, Magnus; Gardiner, Emile S. 2011. Effects of above- and below-ground competition from shrubs on photosynthesis, transpiration and growth in Quercus robur L.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Dey, Daniel C.; Stanturf, John A.; Lockhart, Brian Roy. 2010. Approaches to restoration of oak forests on farmed lowlands of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Hogue, Benjamin P. 2010. Biomass accumulation patterns of Nuttall oak seedlings established under three stand conditions.
• Dey, Daniel C.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Kabrick, John M.; Stanturf, John A.; Jacobs, Douglass F. 2010. Innovations in afforestation of agricultural bottomlands to restore native forests in the eastern USA.
• Hawkins, Tracy S.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Gardiner, Emile S; Devall, Margaret S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Wilson, A. Dan; Connor, Kristina F. 2009. Growth and intraspecific competitive abilities of the dioecious Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae) in varied flooding regimes.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Connor, Kristina F.; Devall, Margaret S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Hawkins, Tracy; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, A. Dan. 2009. Linking stakeholder research needs and the federal data quality act: a case study of an endangered forest shrub in the southeastern Unitd States.
• Hawkins, Tracy S.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Comer, Greg S. 2009. Modeling the relationship between extractable chlorophyll and SPAD-502 readings for endangered plant species research.
• Gardiner, E.S.; O’Brien, J.J.; Löf, M.; Stanturf, J.A.; Madsen, P. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur established for stand conversion from Picea abies.
• Stanturf, J.A; Gardiner, E.S; Shepard, J.P; Schweitzer, C.J; Portwood, C.J; Dorros, L.C. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forest across a treatment intensity gradient.
• Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Shepard, James P.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Portwood, C. Jeffrey; Dorris, Lamar C. Jr. 2009. Restoration of bottomland hardwood forests across a treatment intensity gradient.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Overton, Ronald P.; Hernandez, George. 2009. Root-collar diameter and third-year survival of three bottomland hardwoods planted on former agricultural fields in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley.
• Goodman, Rosa C.; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Apostol, Kent G.; Wilson, Barrett C.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2009. Winter variation in physiological status of cold stored and freshly lifted semi-evergreen quercus nigra seedlings.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile; Leininger, Theodor; Stanturf, John. 2008. A stand-development approach to oak afforestation in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Hodges, John D.; Ezell, Andrew W. 2008. Carbon allocation and morphology of cherrybark oak seedlings and sprouts under three light regimes.
• Lockhart, Brian R.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Dey, Daniel C. (editors). 2008. Tenth workshop on seedling physiology and growth problems in oak plantings.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Lockhard, Brian Roy. 2007. Bottomland oak afforestation in the lower Mississippi.
• Faulkner, Stephen P.; Chambers, Jim L.; Conner, William H.; Keim, Richard F.; Day, John W.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Hughes, Melinda S.; King, Sammy L.; McLeod, Kenneth W.; Miller, Craig A.; Nyman, J. Andrew; Shaffer, Gary P. 2007. Chapter 16 - conservation and use of coastal wetland forests in Louisiana.
• Goodman, Rosa C.; Apostol, Kent G.; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Wilson, Barrett C.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2007. Comparing cold-stored and freshly lifted water oak (Quercus nigra) seedlings based on physiological parameters.
• Connor, Kristina; Schaefer, Gretchen; Donahoo, Jillian; Devall, Margaret; Gardiner, Emile; Hawkins, Tracy; Wilson, A. Dan; Schiff, Nathan; Hamel, Paul; Leininger, Ted. 2007. Development, fatty acid composition, and storage of drupes and seeds from the endangered pondberry (Lindera melissifolia).
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Salifu, K. Francis; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Hernandez, George; Overton, Ronald P. 2007. Field performance of Nuttall Oak on former agricultural fields: Initial effects of nursery source and competition control.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Salifu, K. Francis; Jacobs, Douglass F.; Hernandez, George; Overton, Ronald P. 2007. Field performance of Nuttall oak on former agricultural fields: Initial effects of nursery source and competition control.
• Hawkins, Tracy S.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Gardiner, Emile s.; Leininger, Theodore; Devall, Margaret S.; Wilson, A. Dan; Hamel, Paul; McCown, Deborah D.; Connor, Kristina. 2007. Micropropagation of the endangered shrub pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume).
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stautz, Theran P.; Leininger, Theodore D.; Hamel, Paul B.; Connor, Kristina F.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, A. Dan; Devall, Margaret S. 2007. Nondestructive estimation of leaf area for pondberry.
• Adams, Susan B.; Hamel, Paul B.; Connor, Kristina; Burke, Bryce; Gardiner, Emile S.; Wise, David. 2007. Potential roles of fish, birds, and water in swamp privet (Forestiera acuminata) seed dispersal.
• Connor, Kristina; Schafer, G.M.; Donahoo, J.; Devall, Margaret; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Wilson, A. Dan; Schiff, Nathan; Hamel, Paul B.; Echt, Craig. 2006. A study of the early fruit characteristics of pondberry.
• Chambers, Jim L.; Keim, Richard F.; Conner, William H.; Day, John W. Jr.; Faulkner, Stephen P.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Hughes, Melinda s.; King, Sammy L.; McLeod, Kenneth W.; Miller, Craig A.; Nyman, J. Andrew; Shaffer, Gary P. 2006. Conservation of Louisiana's coastal wetland forests.
• Gardiner, Emile S. 2006. Early response of interplanted nuttall oak to release from an eastern cottonwood overstory.
• Keim, Richard F.; Chambers, Jim L.; Hughes, Melinda S.; Nyman, J. Andrew; Miller, Craig A.; Amos, Blake J.; Conner, William H.; Day, John W., Jr..; Faulkner, Stephen P.; Gardiner, Emile S.; King, Sammy L.; McLeod, Kenneth W.; Shaffer, Gary P. 2006. Ecological consequences of changing hydrological conditions in wetland forests of coastal Louisiana.
• Lockhart, Brian R.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodore D.; Connor, Kristina F.; Hamel, Paul B.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, A. Dan; Devall, Margaret S. 2006. Flooding facility helps scientists examine the ecophysiology of floodplain species used in bottomland hardwood restorations.
• Krauss, Ken W.; Twilley, Robert R.; Doyle, Thomas w.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2006. Leaf gas exchange characteristics of three neotropical mangrove species in response to varying hydroperiod.
• Meier, Calvin E.; Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2006. Litterfall in the hardwood forest of a minor alluvial-floodplain.
• Keim, Richard F.; Chambers, Jim L.; Hughes, Melinda S.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Conner, William H.; Day, John W., Jr..; Faulkner, Stephen P.; McLeod, Kenneth W.; Miller, Craig A.; Nyman, J. Andrew; Shaffer, Gary P.; Dimov, Luben D. 2006. Long-term success of stump sprout regeneration in baldcypress.
• Schweitzer, Callie Jo; Gardiner, Emile S.; Loftis, David L. 2006. Response of sun-grown and shade-grown northern red oak seedlings to outplanting in clearcuts and shelterwoods in North Alabama.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Yeiser, Jimmie L. 2006. Underplanting cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings on a bottomland site in the southern United States.
• Jacobs, Douglass F.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Salifu, K. Francis; Overton, Ronald P.; Hernandez, George; Corbin, M. Elizabeth; Wightman, Kevyn E.; Selig, Marcus F. 2005. Seedling Quality Standards for Bottomland Hardwood Afforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Preliminary Results.
• Moreau, Benoit; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Fisher, Ronald K. 2004. Estimating Leaf Nitrogen of Eastern Cottonwood Trees with a Chlorophyll Meter.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Hodges, John D.; Fristoe, T. Conner. 2004. Flood Plain Topography Affects Establishment Success of Direct-Seeded Bottomland Oaks.
• Ware, Benjamin P.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2004. Partial Cutting and Establishment of Artificial Nuttall Oak Regeneration in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.
• Stanturf, John A.; Conner, William H.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Schweitzer, Callie Jo; Ezell, Andrew W. 2004. Recognizing and Overcoming Difficult Site Conditions for Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods.
• Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Outcalt, Kenneth; Conner, William H.; Guldin, James M. 2004. Restoration of southern ecosystems.
• Stanturf, John A.; Madsen, Palle; Gardiner, Emile S. 2004. Silviculture for restoration of degraded temperate and boreal forests.
• Gardiner, Emile; Hahn, Katrine; Löf, Magnus. 2003. Introduction: Forest restoration in temperate and boreal zones.
• Lockhart, Brian Roy; Hodges, John D.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Ezell, Andrew W. 2003. Photosynthate distribution patterns in cherrybark oak seedling sprouts.
• Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Warren, Melvin L., Jr. 2003. Restoring Forested Wetland Ecosystems.
• Fisher, Ronald K.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Portwood, C. Jeffrey. 2002. Disking Effects of Fifth-Year Volume Production of Four Eastern Cottonwood Clones Established on an Afforestation Site, Sharkey County, Mississippi.
• Gardiner, Emile S. 2002. Photosynthetic Light Response of Bottomland Oak Seedlings Raised Under Partial Sunlight.
• Hamel, Paul B.; Meadows, James S.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A. 2001. Chainsaws, Canebrakes, and Cotton Fields: Sober Thoughts on Silviculture for Songbirds in Bottomland Forests.
• Gardiner, Emile S. 2001. Ecology of bottomland oaks in the southeastern United states.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Russell, D. Ramsey; Oliver, Mark; Dorris, Lamar C., Jr. 2000. Bottomland hardwood afforestation: State of the art.
• Madsen, Palle; Arad•ttir, Ása; Gardiner, Emile; Gemmel, Pelle; Høie, Kåre Lund; Löf, Magnus; Stanturf, John A.; Tigerstedt, Peter; Tullus, Hardi; Valkonen, Sauli; Uri, Veiko. 2000. Forest restoration in the Nordic countries.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Russell, D. Ramsey, Jr..; Hodges, John D.; Fristoe, T. Conner. 2000. Impacts of mechanical tree felling on development of water tupelo regeneration in the Mobile Delta, Alabama.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A. 2000. Planting Bottomland Hardwoods for Wildlife in the Delta.
• Lockhart, Brian R.; Hodges, John D.; Gardiner, Emile S. 2000. Response of Advance Cherrybark Oak Reproduction to Midstory Removal and Shoot Clipping.
• Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Devall, Margaret S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Warren, Melvin E., Jr. 2000. Restoring bottomland hardwood ecosystems in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley.
• Meier, Calvin E.; Stanturf, John A.; Gardiner, Emile S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Warren, Melvin L., Jr. 1999. A Quantitative Assessment of the Structure and Functions of a Mature Bottomland Hardwood Community: The Iatt Creek Ecosystem Site.
• Schweitzer, Callie Jo; Gardiner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Ezell, Andrew W. 1999. Methods to Improve Establishment and Growth of Bottomland Hardwood Artificial Regeneration.
• Schweitzer, Callie Jo; Gardner, Emile S.; Stanturf, John A.; Ezell, Andrew W. 1999. Methods to improve establishment and growth of bottomland hardwood artificial regeneration.
• Stanturf, John A.; Schweitzer, Callie J.; Gardiner, Emile S. 1998. Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, U.S.A.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Hodges, John D. 1998. Growth and biomass distribution of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings as influenced by light availability.
• Gardiner, Emile S.; Helmig, Lisa M. 1997. Development of water oak stump sprouts under a partial overstory.

Research Highlights

New research sheds light on fate of the imperiled pondberry plant (2017)

Some consider pondberry to be the rarest shrub in the southeastern U.S. as it is found in only 36 populations distributed in six states. Forest Service researchers discovered that pondberry prefers to grow in partial sunlight rather than the heavy shade characteristic of dense forests. Active forest management practices that provide suitable light availability could help pondberry thrive and perhaps even resist other environmental stresses such as soil flooding.

---