Southern
Research Station

Education

Ph.D. in Forestry/Forest Pathology, 1987

Clemson University

M.S. in Plant Pathology, 1980

Clemson University

B.S. in Biology, 1978

Old Dominion University

Featured Publications and Products

• Cram, Michelle; Fraedrich, Stephen. 2010. Seed diseases and seedborne pathogens of North America.
• Harrington, T. C.; Fraedrich, S. W. 2010. Quantification of Propagules of the Laurel Wilt Fungus and Other Mycangial Fungi from the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus.
• Harrington, T.C.; Aghayeva, D.N.; Fraedrich, Stephen. 2010. New combinations in Raffaelea, Ambrosiella, and Hyalorhinocladiella, and four new species from the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2009. Stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni) impact on southern pine seedlings and response to a field test of cover crops.
• Cram, Michelle; Fraedrich, Stephen. 2009. Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2009. Stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus claytoni) impact on southern pine seedlings and response to a field test of cover crops. .

Publications

• Hamilton, Jeffrey L.; Workman, J. Noah; Nairn, Campbell J.; Fraedrich, Stephen ; Villari, Caterina . 2020. Rapid detection of Raffaelea lauricola directly from host plant and beetle vector tissues using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.
• Olatinwo, Rabiu ; Fraedrich, Stephen . 2019. An Acaromyces species associated withb bark beetles from southern pine has inhibitory properties against Raffaelea lauricola , the casual pathogen of laurel wilt disease of redbay.
• Poole, Emilee M.; Ulyshen, Michael D.; Horn, Scott ; Cram, Michelle ; Olatinwo, Rabiu ; Fraedrich, Stephen . 2019. Biology and distribution of Agrilus macer LeConte (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a species associated with sugarberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.) mortality in the southeastern USA.
• Mayfield, Albert E.; Villari, Caterina ; Hamilton, Jeffrey L.; Slye, James ; Langston, Wayne ; Oten, Kelly ; Fraedrich, Stephen . 2019. First report of laurel wilt disease caused by Raffaelea lauricola on sassafras in North Carolina.
• Caballero, Jorge R. Ibarra; Jeon, Jongbum ; Lee, Yong-Hwan ; Fraedrich, Stephen ; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Kim, Mee-Sook ; Stewart, Jane E. 2019. Genomic comparisons of the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, and related tree pathogens highlight an arsenal of pathogenicity related genes.
• Mayfield, A.E. ; Fraedrich, S.W. ; Merten, P. . 2019. Laurel Wilt.
• Seabright, Kendhl ; Myers, Scott ; Fraedrich, Stephen ; Mayfield, Albert ; Warden, Melissa ; Taylor, Adam . 2019. Methyl bromide fumigation to eliminate thousand cankers disease causal agents from black walnut.
• Best, G. Susan; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2018. An assessment of the potential impact of laurel wilt on clonal populations of Lindera melissifolia (Pondberry).
• Fraedrich, Stephen ; Harrington, Thomas ; Huang, Qiong ; Zarnoch, Stanley ; Hanula, James ; Best, Glenda Susan. 2018. Brood production by xyleborus glabratus in bolts from trees infected and uninfect ed with the laurel wilt pathogen, raffaelea lauricola.
• Aubrey, Doug P.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Harrington, Thomas C.; Olatinwo, Rabiu. 2017. Cristulariella moricola associated with foliar blight of Camden white gum ( Eucalyptus benthamii ), a bioenergy crop.
• Wuest, Caroline E.; Harrington, Thomas C.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Yun, Hye-Young; Lu, Sheng-Shan. 2017. Genetic variation in native populations of the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola , in Taiwan and Japan and the introduced population in the United States.
• Ploetz, R. C .; Hughes, M. A .; Kendra, P. E .; Fraedrich, S. W .; Carrillo, D ; Stelinski, L. L.; Hulcr, J.; Mayfield III, A. E.; Dreaden, Tyler; Crane, J. H .; Evans, E. A.; Schaffer, B. A.; Rollins, J. A. 2017. Recovery plan for laurel wilt of avocado, caused by Raffaelea lauricola.
• Menard, R. D.; Clarke, S. R.; Fraedrich, Stephen; Harrington, T. C. 2016. First report of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on redbay (Persea borbonia) in Texas..
• Olatinwo, Rabiu; Barton, C.; Fraedrich, Stephen; Johnson, W.; Hwang, J. 2016. First report of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola , on Sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) in Arkansas.
• Fraedrich, S. W.; Harrington, T. C.; McDaniel, B. A.; Best, G. S. 2016. First report of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola , on spicebush ( Lindera benzoin ) in South Carolina.
• Handoo, Zafar A.; Carta, Lynn K.; Skantar, Andrea M.; Subbotin, Sergei A.; Fraedrich, Stephen. 2016. Molecular and morphological characterization of Xiphinema chambersi population from live oak in Jekyll Island, Georgia, with comments on morphometric variations.
• Handoo, Zafar A; Carta, Lynn K.; Skantar, Andrea M.; Subbotin, Sergei A.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2016. Molecular and morphological characterization of Xiphinema chambersi population from live oak in Jekyll Island, Georgia, with comments on morphometric variations.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Wood Johnson, C.; Menard, Roger D.; Harrington, Thomas C.; Olatinwo, Rabiu; Best, G. Susan. 2015. First report of Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and laurel wilt in Louisiana, USA: The disease continues westward on sassafras.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2015. Inoculation of fumigated nursery beds and containers with arbuscular mycorrhizal products for eastern redcedar production.
• Cameron, R. Scott; Hanula, James; Fraedrich, Stephen; Bates, Chip. 2015. Progression and Impact of Laurel Wilt Disease within Redbay and Sassafras Populations in Southeast Georgia.
• Mayers, Chase G.; McNew, Douglas L.; Harrington, Thomas C.; Roeper, Richard A.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Biedermann, Peter H.W.; Castrillo, Louela A.; Reed, Sharon E. 2015. Three genera in the Ceratocystidaceae are the respective symbionts of three independent lineages of ambrosia beetles with large, complex mycangia.
• Fraedrich, S. W.; Harrington, T. C.; Best, G. S. 2014. Xyleborus glabratus attacks and systemic colonization by Raffaelea lauricola associated with dieback of Cinnamomum camphora in the southeastern United States.
• Harrington, Thomas C.; McNew, Douglas ; Mayers, Chase; Fraedrich, Stephen; Reed, Sharon E. 2014. Ambrosiella roeperi sp. nov. is the mycangial symbiont of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus.
• Mayfield, A. E., III.; Fraedrich, S. W.; Taylor, A.; Merten, P.; Myers, S. W. 2014. Efficacy of Heat Treatment for the Thousand Cankers Disease Vector and Pathogen in Small Black Walnut Logs.
• Bates, C.A.; Fraedrich, Stephen; Harrington, T.C.; Cameron, R.S.; Menard, R.D.; Best, Susan. 2013. First report of laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, on sassafras (Sassafras albidum) in Alabama.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Cram, Michelle M.; Handoo, Zafar A.; Zarnoch, Stanley J. 2012. Influence of Tylenchorhynchus ewingi on growth of loblolly pine seedlings, and host suitability of legumes and small grains.
• Riggins, J.J.; Fraedrich, S.W.; Harrington, T.C. 2011. First report of Laurel Wilt caused by Rafffaelea lauricola on sassafras in Mississippi.
• Harrington, Thomas C.; Yun, Hye Young; Lu, Sheng-Shan; Goto, Hideaki; Aghayeva, Dilzara N.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2011. Isolations from the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, confirm that the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, originated in Asia.
• Fraedrich, Stephen; Harrington, T; Bates, C; Johnson, J; Reid, L.; Best, Glenda Susan; Leininger, T; Hawkins, Tracy. 2011. Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt and disease incidence in two rare plant species, Pondberry and Pondspice Plant Disease. .
• Harrington, T.C.; Fraedrich, Stephen; Aghayeva, D.N. 2008. Raffaelea lauricola, a new ambrosia beetle symbiont and pathogen on the Lauracea.
• Hanula, James L.; Mayfield, Albert E., III.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Babaglia, Robert J. 2008. Biology and host associations of redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), exotic vector of laurel wilt killing redbay trees in the Southeastern United States.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2007. Detection and management of stunt and stubby root nematodes in a southern forest nursery.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Enebak, Scott A.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, Lew D.; Zarnoch, Stanley J. 2007. Evaluation of fumigants, EPTC herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans in the production of loblolly pine seedlings.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Harrington, Thomas C.; Rabaglia, Robert J. 2007. Laurel Wilt: a new and devastating disease of redbay caused by a fungal symbiont of the exotic redbay Ambrosia beetle.
• Wang, Dong; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Juzwik, Jennifer; Spokas, Kurt; Zhang, Yi; Koskinen, William C. 2006. Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soil under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin.
• Wang, D.; Juzwik, J.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Spokas, K.; Zhang, Y.; Koskinen, W.C. 2005. Atmospheric emissions of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin following soil fumigation and surface containment treatment in bare-root forest nurseries.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David. 2005. Effects of dazomet, metam sodium, and oxamyl on Longidorus populations and loblolly pine seedline production.
• Wang, Dong; Juzwik, Jennifer; Fraedrich, Stephen. 2005. Emission and soil distribution of fumigants in forest tree nurseries.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 2005. Management Options for Control of a Stunt and Needle Nematode in Southern Forest Nurseries.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Cram, Michelle M.; Zarnoch, Stanley J. 2005. The effect of fallow on Longidorus americanus, a nematode associated with stunting of loblolly pine seedlings in Georgia, USA.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David. 2003. An Evaluation of Dazomet Incorporation Methods on Soilborne Organisms and Pine Seedling Production in Southern Nurseries.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David; Cram, Michelle M. 2003. Broadcast Applications of Glyphosate Control Nutsedge at a South Georgia Forest Tree Nursery.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David. 2003. The effects of soil fumigation on pine seedling production, weeds, foliar and soil nutrients, a soilborne microorganisms at a south Georgia (U.S.A.) forest tree nursery.
• Cram, Michelle M.; Enebak, Scott A.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David. 2002. Chloropicrin, EPTC, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for managing soilborne pests in pine nurseries.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David; Cram, Michelle M. 2002. Seedling production and pest problems at a South Georgia nursery.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Cram, Michelle M. 2002. The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings.
• Dwinell, L. David; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Adams, D. 2001. Diseases of pines caused by the pitch canker fungus.
• Belanger, Roger P.; Miller, Thomas; Zarnoch, Stanley J.; Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Godbee, John F. 2000. An Integrated Approach Toward Reducing Losses from Fusiform Rust in Merchantable Slash and Loblolly Pine Plantations.
• Dwinell, L. David; Fraedrich, Stephen W. 1998. Effect of Dazomet Rate and Incorporation Method on Pine Production in Southern Pine Nurseries.
• Fraedrich, Stephen W.; Dwinell, L. David. 1998. Evaluation of Fumigants for Pest Management and Seedling Production in Southern Pine Nurseries.

Research Highlights

Assessing the Role of a Little-known Wood-boring Beetle in Sugarberry Decline (2019)

Ongoing research seeks to explain an ongoing, severe episode of sugarberry mortality in the southeastern U.S. A rarely collected species of buprestid beetle, Agrilus macer, is attacking dying trees at high densities. USDA Forest Service research results suggest that Agrilus macer is a secondary pest, rather than a primary cause of mortality, and there is no evidence that it is the vector for harmful pathogens.

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